Top 30 MEAN Stack Developer Interview Questions and Answers

As a MEAN Stack developer, you’re working with four powerful tools: MongoDB, Express.js, Angular, and Node.js. Together, these technologies help build dynamic, full-stack applications that are highly scalable.

If you’re preparing for a MEAN Stack developer interview questions and answers, you’re likely to encounter questions that gauge your understanding of each component, coding proficiency, and ability to apply MEAN Stack principles in real-world scenarios.

This article covers 30 MEAN stack developer interview questions and answers that are split into three levels – Fresher, Intermediate, and Advanced—to help you prepare and excel. Let’s get started!

MEAN Stack Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Here are 30 MEAN stack developer interview questions and answers designed to equip you with the essentials.

Fresher Level

1. What is the MEAN Stack?

The MEAN Stack is a combination of four open-source technologies: MongoDB, Express.js, Angular, and Node.js. Together, they enable developers to create dynamic end-to-end JavaScript applications. MongoDB serves as the database, Express.js as the backend framework, Angular as the frontend framework, and Node.js as the server environment.

2. Explain the role of each component in the MEAN Stack.

• MongoDB: A NoSQL database where data is stored in a JSON-like format.
• Express.js: A lightweight backend framework that helps manage routes and middleware.
• Angular: A frontend framework used for building the user interface and single-page applications.
• Node.js: A server-side platform that allows JavaScript to be used for server-side scripting.

3. How is MEAN Stack different from other stacks, like LAMP?

The main difference lies in the use of JavaScript across all parts of the application in the MEAN Stack. In contrast, the LAMP stack uses different languages like PHP and MySQL. MEAN offers the advantage of a unified language (JavaScript) from client to server, which simplifies development and makes code more reusable.

4. What is Node.js, and why is it used in the MEAN Stack?

Node.js is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome’s V8 engine. It allows developers to run JavaScript code on the server, which is why it’s used in the MEAN Stack for backend operations.

5. Explain how MongoDB stores data.

MongoDB stores data in collections of documents in a JSON-like format, making it a flexible, schema-less NoSQL database that easily scales horizontally.

6. Write a basic MongoDB query to retrieve all documents in a collection.

javascript

db.collectionName.find({})

This command fetches all documents from the specified collection.

7. What is a REST API, and how does Express help create one?

A REST API allows interaction with backend services through HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE. Express simplifies creating REST APIs by providing a framework to handle routing, middleware, and request handling.

Intermediate Level

8. How do you handle errors in Express?

In Express, errors are typically managed by middleware. A custom error-handling middleware function can be written and used across routes to log and respond to errors consistently.

javascript

app.use((err, req, res, next) => {

  console.error(err.stack);

  res.status(500).send('Something went wrong!');

});

9. What is dependency injection in Angular, and why is it used?

Dependency Injection (DI) in Angular is a design pattern where services or dependencies are injected into components instead of being created within them. This improves modularity, testability, and flexibility by keeping components loosely coupled.

10. How do you create and export a module in Node.js?

To create and export a module in Node.js:

javascript

// File: myModule.js

module.exports = {

  sayHello: function() {

    console.log("Hello, MEAN Stack!");

  }

};

You can then import this module in another file:

javascript

const myModule = require('./myModule');

myModule.sayHello();

11. What is the purpose of Mongoose in a MEAN application?

Mongoose is an Object Data Modeling (ODM) library that provides schema validation and a more straightforward way to interact with MongoDB from a Node.js application.

12. How do you handle CORS in a MEAN Stack application?

In a MEAN Stack application, Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) can be handled using the cors middleware in Express.

javascript

const cors = require('cors');

app.use(cors());

This setup allows requests from different origins, which is essential for frontend-backend communication in MEAN Stack applications.

13. Explain the difference between AngularJS and Angular.

AngularJS (Angular 1.x) is the original version of Angular, using JavaScript. Angular (2+) is a complete rewrite using TypeScript, with improved performance, modularity, and tooling.

14. Write a sample Express route to handle a POST request.

javascript

app.post('/submit', (req, res) => {

  const data = req.body;

  // Process data here

  res.send('Data received');

});

This code defines a route that handles POST requests, typically used to send data to the server.

15. How do you define a schema in Mongoose?

javascript

const mongoose = require('mongoose');

const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({

  name: String,

  email: String,

  age: Number

});

const User = mongoose.model('User', userSchema);

This code defines a schema for users with name, email, and age fields.

Advanced Level

16. What are Promises and async/await in Node.js?

Promises are JavaScript objects that represent the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation. async and await are syntactic sugars in Node.js that make asynchronous code look and behave more like synchronous code.

17. Explain the role of Angular services and how they facilitate data sharing.

Angular services are singleton objects that can store and manage data shared across multiple components. They are ideal for encapsulating business logic and making it reusable and maintainable.

18. How does MongoDB’s aggregation framework work?

The aggregation framework in MongoDB processes data records and returns computed results. It’s typically used for tasks like data transformation, filtering, and summarizing.

19. Write an example of an aggregation pipeline to group users by age.

javascript

db.users.aggregate([

  { $group: { _id: "$age", count: { $sum: 1 } } }

]);

This command groups users by their age and provides a count of each age group.

20. What is an Observable in Angular?

Observables are part of the Reactive Extensions for JavaScript (RxJS) library. They handle asynchronous data streams and enable reactive programming, which is fundamental for real-time applications in Angular.

21. Explain the difference between the PUT and PATCH methods.

• PUT is used to update a resource entirely.
• PATCH is used to make partial updates to a resource.

22. How do you optimize a MEAN Stack application for performance?

To optimize a MEAN Stack application:

• Use MongoDB indexing.
• Optimize middleware in Express.
• Minify and bundle Angular assets.
• Use caching techniques, such as Redis.

23. Write a middleware function to log requests in Express.

javascript

app.use((req, res, next) => {

  console.log(`Request URL: ${req.url}, Method: ${req.method}`);

  next();

});

This middleware logs the URL and HTTP method of each request.

24. What are Angular Guards, and how do they enhance security?

Angular Guards prevent unauthorized access to routes. Common guards include CanActivate, CanDeactivate, and Resolve, which are used to control access and navigation.

25. Explain JWT and how it is used in MEAN Stack applications.

JSON Web Tokens (JWT) are used to securely transmit information between client and server. They are commonly used for user authentication, where the server generates a JWT on login, and the client includes it in subsequent requests.

26. Write code to generate and verify a JWT in Node.js.

javascript

const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');

const secret = 'your_secret_key';

// Generating a JWT

const token = jwt.sign({ userId: 123 }, secret, { expiresIn: '1h' });

// Verifying a JWT

jwt.verify(token, secret, (err, decoded) => {

  if (err) {

    console.log("Token is invalid");

  } else {

    console.log("Token is valid", decoded);

  }

});

27. How do you handle environment variables in a MEAN application?

Environment variables can be managed with the dotenv package in Node.js:

javascript

require('dotenv').config();

const dbURL = process.env.DB_URL;

28. Explain the purpose of Angular Interceptors.

Angular Interceptors allow you to modify HTTP requests and responses globally, often used for adding authentication headers or handling errors consistently.

29. How can you enable SSL in an Express.js server?

To enable SSL, you would use HTTPS with a server certificate:

javascript

const https = require('https');

const fs = require('fs');

const options = {

  key: fs.readFileSync('server.key'),

  cert: fs.readFileSync('server.cert')

};

https.createServer(options, app).listen(443);

30. What is clustering in Node.js, and why is it used?

Clustering allows Node.js to utilize multiple CPU cores by creating worker processes. This enhances performance and ensures requests are managed efficiently by balancing load across multiple instances.

If you want to learn more about these popular MEAN stack frameworks and how they enhance your full-stack project, consider enrolling for GUVI’s Certified Full Stack Development Course which teaches everything you need and will also provide an industry-grade certificate!

Conclusion

In conclusion, preparing for MEAN Stack developer interviews requires a solid grasp of each component in the stack, as well as practical coding skills. 

By reviewing these questions across fresher, intermediate, and advanced levels, you’re ready to tackle a wide range of topics that showcase your knowledge and technical proficiency. Good luck!